Eigenvalues in spectral gaps of the two-dimensional Pauli operator (Q2731805)

The author considers a two-dimensional Pauli operator NEWLINE\[NEWLINE H=\begin{pmatrix} H_+ & 0\\ 0 & H_-\end{pmatrix} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE in \(L_2(\mathbb R^2)\oplus L_2(\mathbb R^2)\) where \(H_\pm =(-i\nabla - \overarrow{a})^2\mp B\), \(B=d\overarrow{a}=\partial_1a_2- \partial_2a_1\). Suppose that \(H_-\) is bounded from below by a constant \(b>0\) while the null space of \(H_+\) is infinite-dimensional. Then \(H\) has a spectral gap \((0,b)\). Let \(H_\pm (\lambda)\) be the perturbed operators NEWLINE\[NEWLINE H_\pm =(-i\nabla -\overarrow{a}-\lambda \overarrow{a_s})^2\mp B\mp \lambda B_s,\quad \lambda \geq 0, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(B_s=d\overarrow{a_s}\), and \(|B_s|,|\overarrow{a_s}|\) vanish at infinity. Let \(B_s(x)<0\) for \(x\) in a non-empty open set on which \(B_s\) and \(B\) are Lipschitz continuous. It is shown that for any \(\varepsilon \in (0,b)\) an infinite number of eigenvalues of \(H_\pm (\lambda)\) cross the interval \((\varepsilon ,b)\) as \(\lambda \to \infty\). Examples of purely magnetic periodic Pauli operators with spectral gaps are also given.