Zeros of wave functions in Ginzburg-Landau model for small \(\varepsilon\) (Q2732613)

The paper deals with the study of zeros of condensate wave functions in the Ginzburg-Landau model. More precisely, let \(\Omega\) be a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(\varepsilon >0\) and \(g:\partial\Omega\to S^1\) a prescribed map of topological degree \(d>0\). The Ginzburg-Landau energy functional is defined by \(E_\varepsilon (u)=\int_\Omega \{ \frac 12 |\nabla u|^2+\frac{1}{4\varepsilon^2} (1-|u|^2)^2\} dx\), where \(u:\Omega\to \mathbb{R}^2\) and \(u=g\) on \(\partial\Omega\). The main question the author is concerned with is when a condensate wave function appears to have only isolated zero of degree one. The main result establishes that under some conditions on the energy and the tension field, a condensate wave function around each of its zeros is, after rescaling, fairly close to a solution of degree one of the Ginzburg-Landau equation on the whole plane. The proof is based on an energy lower bound estimate. It is also discussed how the heat flow can deform a condensate wave function and make it appear to possess the expected number of isolated zeros of degree one. In the last section a slight generalization of a uniqueness result by Chanillo and Kiessling is mentioned.