A preservation theorem for equality-free Horn sentences (Q2734543)

The author proves the following preservation theorem: a sentence is equivalent to a sentence of the Horn fragment of first-order logic without equality iff it is preserved under strict homomorphic images, strict homomorphic counter-images, and reduced products. Keisler (using the continuum hypothesis) and Galvin (without this hypothesis) proved that a sentence is equivalent to a Horn sentence in first-order logic iff it is preserved under reduced products. The present proof follows the main lines of the proof by Keisler and Galvin.