Hessian ideals of a homogeneous polynomial and generalized Tjurina algebras (Q273516)

For a homogeneous polynomial \(f\in S=\mathbb C[x_0,\dots,x_n]\) the graded Milnor algebra is the quotient of \(S\) by the Jacobian ideal \(J_f\). Let \(h_k(f)\) be ideal generated by all \(k \times k\)-minors of the Hessian matrix of \(f\). The authors define the graded \(k\)-th Hessian algebra of the polynomial \(f\) as the quotient \(H_k(f)= S/(J_f + h_k(f))\). The first main result compares the dimension of the graded parts with local invariants at the singularities of the projective hypersurface defined by \(f\). For any isolated any hypersurface singularity \((V, 0)=(g^{-1}(0),0)\) at the origin of \(\mathbb C^n\) the \(k\)-th Hessian ideal \(h_k(g)\) is again the ideal generated by all minors of size \(k\) of the Hessian matrix of \(g\). By convention \(h_{n+1}(g) = 0\). The local \(k\)-th Hessian algebra of the germ \(g\) is \(H_k(g)={\mathcal O}/((g)+J_g+h_k(g)\) and its dimension is the \(k\)-th Hessian number \(\chi_k(g)\). Note that \(\chi_{n+1}(g)=\tau(g)\). In this sense the Hessian algebras are generalised Tjurina algebras. Assuming that the hypersurface \(V(f)\) has isolated singularities, the authors prove that for all \(k\) and any large \(m\) the dimension of the \(m\)-th graded part of \(H_k(f)\) is equal to the sum of the \(\chi_k\) at the singular points. They also give estimates on how large \(m\) has to be. For \(k=n\) the dimension is given by the total Tjurina number of \(V(f)\) minus the number of weighted homogeneous singularities. This gives a fast way to compute the total number of singularities of a projective hypersurface in the case that all singularities are weighted homogeneous, as difference \(\dim M(f)_m - \dim H_n(f)_m\) for any \(m \geq (2n + 1)(d - 2)\). In a number of examples the Hilbert polynomial of the Hessian algebras \(H_k(f)\) are computed. These polynomials can be used to stratify the space of polynomials with given types of singularities, giving interesting but still to be understood results.