Equivariant embeddings of commutative linear algebraic groups of corank one (Q273542)

Let \(G=G_s\times G_u\) be a commutative linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field \(\mathbb{K}\) of characteristic zero with one-dimensional unipotent part \(G_u\). The semisimple part \(G_s\) is an algebraic torus. Consider an equivariant open embedding of \(G\) into a normal \(G\)-variety \(X\) as an open orbit with trivial stabilizer. The main result of the paper is that such an \(X\) is always a toric variety with respect to an action of a bigger torus \(T\supset G_s\) normalizing the \(G_u\)-action. The strategy of the proof is as follows. First, the affine case is considered, in which the \(G_u\)-action on \(X\) commuting with the \(G_s\)-action amounts to a degree zero homogeneous locally nilpotent derivation of the coordinate algebra \(\mathbb{K}[X]\) which is horizontal in the sense that it does not annihilate \(\mathbb{K}(X)^{G_s}\). The \(G_s\)-action on \(X\) has complexity one, i.e., general \(G_s\)-orbits have codimension one. A description of horizontal homogeneous locally nilpotent derivations on coordinate algebras of affine varieties with a torus action of complexity one in terms of polyhedral divisors due to \textit{A. Liendo} [Transform. Groups 15, No. 2, 389--425 (2010; Zbl 1209.14050); \textit{I. Arzhantsev} and \textit{A. Liendo}, Mich. Math. J. 61, No. 4, 731--762 (2012; Zbl 1271.14090)] together with a result of \textit{K. Altmann} and \textit{J. Hausen} on extension of torus actions of complexity one [Math. Ann. 334, No. 3, 557--607 (2006; Zbl 1193.14060)] allows then to extend the \(G_s\)-action to a bigger torus \(T\) normalizing \(G_u\). The general case is reduced to the case of complete \(X\) by means of equivariant completion [\textit{H. Sumihiro}, J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 14, 1--28 (1974; Zbl 0277.14008)] and the complete case is reduced to the affine case by considering the spectrum of the Cox ring [\textit{I. Arzhantsev} et al., Cox rings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2015; Zbl 1360.14001)]. For a toric variety \(X\), the one-parameter unipotent group actions normalized by the acting torus \(T\) are classified by the Demazure roots of the respective fan [\textit{M. Demazure}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 3, 507--588 (1970; Zbl 0223.14009)], [\textit{T. Oda}, Convex bodies and algebraic geometry. An introduction to the theory of toric varieties. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0628.52002)], [\textit{A. Liendo}, Transform. Groups 15, No. 2, 389--425 (2010; Zbl 1209.14050)]. This yields a combinatorial classification of embeddings of \(G\). A combinatorial description of \(G\)-orbits on equivariant embeddings in terms of fans and Demazure roots is provided. Several examples are considered. The main result does not generalize to the case \(\dim G_u>1\) or non-commutative solvable \(G\) with \(\dim G_u=1\) [\textit{U. Derenthal} and \textit{D. Loughran}, J. Math. Sci., New York 171, No. 6, 714--724 (2010; Zbl 1296.14016); Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 58, No. 1, 149--168 (2015; Zbl 1368.14059)].