Solution of irregular boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations (Q2743908)

The authors consider the nonlocal boundary value problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINEL(\lambda)u:=2\lambda^2u(x)-\lambda u'(x)-u''(x)+b(x)u(x)=f(x),\quad x\in (0,1),\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEL_1u:=u'(0)+u'(1)=f_1,\quad L_2u:=u(0)-2u(1)=f_2,\tag{2}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(f(x)\) and \(b(x)\) are given functions, \(f_1\) and \(f_2\) are given complex numbers. They prove that, inside the angle \(-\frac\pi 2+\varepsilon<\text{arg }\lambda <\frac\pi 2-\varepsilon\), the resolvent of problem (1)-(2) decreases like to the regular case and, inside the angle \(\frac\pi 2+\varepsilon <\text{arg }\lambda<\frac{3\pi}{2} -\varepsilon\), the resolvent of problem (1)-(2) increases with respect to the spectral parameter \(\lambda\). They also consider the corresponding homogeneous problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{aligned} & L(\lambda)u:=2\lambda^2u(x)-\lambda u'(x)-u''(x)+b(x)u(x)=0,\quad x\in (0,1),\\ & L_1u:=u'(0)+u'(1)=0,\quad L_2u:=u(0)-2u(1)=0,\end{aligned}\tag{3}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and prove that if \(b\in W^{k+1}_p(0,1)\), \(b^{(j)}(0) =b^{(j)}(1) =0\) for \(j=1,\dots,k-1\), and \(b^{(k)}(1)+2(-1)^{k+1} b^{(k)}(0)\neq 0\), then the spectrum of (3) is discrete and a system of root functions to this problem is two-fold complete in the space \(W^1_2\{(0,1); u(0) - 2u(1) =0\}\oplus L_2(0,1)\).