A History of Lagrange's Theorem on Groups (Q2747351)
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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1657587
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| English | A History of Lagrange's Theorem on Groups |
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1657587 |
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11 February 2003
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evolution of group theory
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history of Lagrange's theorem
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A History of Lagrange's Theorem on Groups (English)
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0.87391496
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0.8654758
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Lagrange's theorem on subgroups of a finite group appeared in 1770-71, when there was no group theory yet. His original theorem was published in a memoir on equations of 5th degree (Nouv. Mém. Acad. Berlin, 1772/73) and dealt with the possible values of a function of \(n\) variables by permutations of the latter. The present paper gives a popular survey on the later development of this theorem in the works by Ruffini, Abbati, Cauchy, Jordan, Serret, Abel, Galois. It is noted in connection with Euler's proof of Fermat's little theorem (Nov. Com. Acad. Petrop., 1761): ``one could argue that in some sense, Lagrange's Theorem appeared ten years before Lagrange's work''. Some data are given about this theorem in books on algebra in 19th and 20th centuries, and also in monographs on the history of modern algebra and group theory.
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