DECIMAL EXTENSIONS OF THE ADDITIVE GROUP OF INTEGERS (Q2749070)

A decimal system of \(({\mathbb Z},+)\) is a triple \((H,\oplus ,d)\) with \((H,\oplus)\) an abelian group and \(d:H\times H\rightarrow \{0,1\}\) satisfying: (i) \(d(h_{1},h_{2})=d(h_{2},h_{1})\) (ii) \(d(h_{1},h_{2})+d(h_{1}\oplus h_{2},h_{3})=d(h_{2},h_{3})+d(h_{1},h_{2}\oplus h_{3})\) (iii) \(d(0,h)=0\) (iv) \(d(h,-h)=1\) for all \(h\neq 0\) (where \(\oplus \) denotes the binary operation in \(H\), \(0\) is the identity element in \((H,\oplus)\) and \(-h\) denotes the inverse of \(h\). Defining on \({\mathbb Z}\times H\) the operation: \( (z_{1},h_{1})+_{d}(z_{2},h_{2})=(z_{1}+z_{2}+d(h_{1},h_{2}),h_{1}\oplus h_{2})\), the authors obtain a new abelian group. An abelian group is a decimal extension of \(({\mathbb Z},+)\) if there is a decimal system \((H,\oplus ,d)\) of \(({\mathbb Z},+)\) such that \((G,+)\) is isomorphic with \(({\mathbb Z}\times H,+_{d})\). In this paper the following results are obtained: Proposition 9. An abelian group \((G,+)\) is a decimal extension of \(( {\mathbb Z},+)\) if and only if it is torsion free and can be linearly ordered with at least one Archimedean element (an element \(g\in G\) such that for all \(g'\in G\) there is a positive integer \(k\) such that \(kg\geq g'\)). Proposition 11. Let \((H,\oplus ,d)\) be a decimal system of \(({\mathbb Z},+) \). Then \(({\mathbb Z}\times H,+_{d})\) is isomorphic with a nontrivial subgroup of \({\mathbb Q}\) if and only if \((H,\oplus)\) is a torsion abelian group. Proposition 14. Moreover, \(({\mathbb Z}\times H,+_{d})\) is isomorphic with \({\mathbb Q}\) if and only if the torsion group \((H,\oplus)\) has elements of any order.