Nonlinear periodic-type conditions for a second order ODE (Q2763769)

The authors study the semilinear second-order ODE of the type NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \ddot u(t) + a(t)\dot u(t) + g(t, u) =f(t), \tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(f \in L^{2}(0, T), a\in L^{\infty }(0, T)\) and \(g : [0, T]\times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous. They investigate the boundary value problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE u(T) = h_{1}(u(0)),\qquad u(T) = h_{2}(u(0)),\tag{2}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for continuous \(h_{1}, h_{2}\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAssuming a growth condition on \(g\) in order to develop a shooting-type argument, problem (1)--(2) is reduced to a one-dimensional equation. Using the fact of unique solvability of the Dirichlet problem, periodic solutions to (1)--(2) are obtained. In the second part of the article, the authors study the case when \(g\) is bounded. Applying Leray-Schauder's theorem, they establish an existence result on a class of \(\{ (h_{1}, h_{2})\} \) that includes sublinear and superlinear cases.