Darboux transforms on band matrices, weights, and associated polynomials (Q2764644)

Given an \(m\)-periodic family of weights \(\rho_j(z)\) on \({\mathbb R}\), i.e. a family of polynomials satisfying the periodicity condition \(\rho_{j+m}(z) = z^m \rho_j (z)\), we have a family of ``orthogonal'' polynomials \(p_i(z)\) of degree \(i\) meeting the condition \(\langle p_i, \rho_j \rangle =0\) for \(0 \leq j \leq i-1\). The mapping \(\rho \to z\rho = L\rho\) on the vector \((\rho_0,\rho_1,\dots)\) is given by an \((2m+1)\)-band matrix \(L\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe authors construct Darboux transformations of the form \(L - \lambda^m I \to \widetilde{L} - \lambda^m I\), where \(I\) is the indentity leading to new \((2m+1)\)-band matrices \(L\) and corresponding families of \(m\)-periodic weights. They also introduce temporary variables and deformations of \(L\) which correspond to these variables and described by \(m\)-reduced Toda systems. These constructions are demonstrated for classical orthogonal polynomials (\(m=1\)) and some \(5\)-step analogues (\(m=2\)) of classical polynomials.