An application of linear algebra: Calculus of probability (Q2780980)

Regarding an almost identical version of this paper, see \textit{M. Serfati} (ed.), La recherche de la vérité, Paris, L'Écriture des Mathématiques, 97-116 (1999; Zbl 0966.01015). Without repeating that abstract, I note that the author axiomatically introduced the notion of expectation and claimed that he thus relegated the Kolmogorov axioms of the theory of probability to theorems.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEHuygens proved that expectation was a ``just'' criterion for solving stochastic problems. Jakob Bernoulli upheld that viewpoint but later scholars have been introducing expectation without formal substantiation. However, many authors attempted to justify the similar notion of arithmetical mean by deterministic axioms and Gauss regarded the first such effort (J. F. Encke, 1831) ``nicht ohne Interesse''. This information is not provided by Barbut. Then, he did not mention the Kolmogorov axiom of continuity that deals with an infinitely large number of events and his claim is therefore dubious.