Hilbert-Kunz functions of a Hirzebruch surface (Q279743)

Let \(X\) be a projective variety over \(k = \overline{k}\), where \(\mathrm{char} p > 0\). If \(L\) is an ample line bundle on \(X\), notions of Hilbert-Kunz function is \(HK(X,L) = HK_{R,R_{+}}\) and the multiplicity is \(e_{HK} (X,L) = e_{HK} (R, R_+)\) where \(R = \bigoplus_{m\geq 0} H^0(X,L^m)\) and \(R_+ = \bigoplus_{m>0}H^0(X,L^m)\). The Hilbert-Kunz function was introduced by Kunz, and studied extensively by Monsky. If \(q = p^n\) and \(I^{[q]}\) is the ideal generated by \(q\)-th powers of elements of \(I\) (i.e.,\(n\)-th Frobenius power of \(I\) ), the Hilbert-Kunz function of \(R\) with respect to \(I\) is \(HK(R, I)= HK_{R,I} (q) = \ell(R/I^{[q]})\). The associated Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity is defined to be \[ e_{HK} (R, I) =\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{HK_{R,I} (q)}{q^d}, \] \noindent where \(d\) denotes the dimension of the ring \(R\). \textit{P. Monsky} [Math. Ann. 263, 43--49 (1983; Zbl 0509.13023)] proved that the limit defining the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity exists. A recent article is written by Huneke. In this paper, the author computes \(e_{HK} (X,L)\) and \(HK(X,L)\), for Hirzebruch surfaces \(X =\mathbb F_a\) with \(a \geq 1\) (which are a ruled surface over \(\mathbb P^1_k\)) and every ample line bundle \(L\) on \(X\). In particular, in Theorem 3.2 the author uses crucially the fact that \(X\) is a nonsingular projective toric variety and a ruled surface. Concrete examples or general principles are very few. One expects that such examples can be useful to make or test conjectures. Note that if \(R\) is an affine toric variety then Watanabe proved that \(e_{HK} (R)\) is a rational number and W. Bruns asserted that \(HK(R)(q\)) is a polynomial in \(q\) with periodic coefficients. In case of a three dimensional affine toric variety, \(e_{HK}\) has been given more explicitly in terms of the vectors of its semigroup ring, by \textit{S. Choi} and \textit{J. An} [``The Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of three dimensional toric rings'', Proc. Natl. Inst. Math. Sci. 1, No. 5, 85--91 (2006)]. Hilbert-Kunz functions for monomial ideals were studied by Conca.