Heegner points on Cartan non-split curves (Q2798992)

In this interesting paper the authors consider the following problem. Take an elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb Q\) of conductor \(p^2\), with \(p\) an odd prime, and let \(K/\mathbb Q\) be an imaginary quadratic field of discriminant \(D\) in which \(p\) is inert. In this situation the sign of the functional equation of the complex \(L\)-function of \(E\) over \(K\) is \(-1\), and therefore the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture predicts the existence of a rational point \(P\in E(K)\). However, no construction of Heegner points arising from modular or Shimura curves is available in this context. The idea of the authors is to use Cartan non-split curves of level \(p\) to construct the sough-for rational points on \(E(K)\). They first construct Cartan-Heegner points on Cartan non-split curves, defined as usual over ring class fields of \(K\) of conductor \(n\), relatively prime to the discriminant of \(E\) and \(p\). Then they construct an uniformization of \(E\) via Cartan non-split curves (using results by \textit{I. Chen} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 77, No. 1, 1--38 (1998; Zbl 0903.11019)]) and use this uniformization to construct points on the elliptic curve, which are rational over ring class fields of \(K\). They show that these points are non-torsion if and only if the special value of the derivative of the \(L\)-series of \(E\) over \(K\) is non-zero (using results of \textit{S.-W. Zhang} [Asian J. Math. 5, No. 2, 183--290 (2001; Zbl 1111.11030); Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. 49, 191--241 (2004; Zbl 1126.11026)]), and finally they use Kolyvagin-type arguments (due in this generality to Nekovář) to deduce new results on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for \(E\). In particular, the authors show that if the Cartan-Heegner point \(P_K\) (obtaining by tracing to \(K\) the Cartan-Heegner point defined over the Hilbert class field of \(K\)) is non-torsion, then the rank of \(E(K)\) is one, and the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(E/K\) is finite.NEWLINENEWLINEFinally, it must be noticed that the results in the paper are much more general than those presented above, since one may not only consider elliptic curves of conductor \(p^2\), but also more general conductors \(N^2m\) with \(N\) a square-free product of odd primes, and \(m\) prime to \(N\). Under suitable assumptions (e.g., every prime dividing \(m\) is split in \(K\), and every prime dividing \(N\) is inert in \(K\)) the sign of the function equation of the \(L\)-function of \(E/K\) is still -\(1\), and one obtains the same result described above on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.