On the existence of limit cycles for some planar vector fields (Q2799720)

Let \(H:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}\) be a \(C^2\)-function such that \(H^{-1}(0)= \{(0,0)\}\) and \(H^{-1}(c)\) represents the boundary of a convex region for \(0<c<c_{\max}\leq\infty\). The authors consider perturbations of the Hamiltonian vector field NEWLINE\[NEWLINE X_H := \left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial y},-\frac{\partial H}{\partial x}\right)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE of the type NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{aligned} X_r &= gX_H+\left(0, -f(x,y)\frac{\partial H}{\partial y}\right),\\ X_e &= gX_H+ \left(-f(x,y)\frac{\partial H}{\partial x},0\right).\end{aligned}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE They derive conditions on \(g\) and \(f\) such that the vector fields \(X_r\) and \(X_e\) have at least one limit cycle. A special example is the Liénard-type system NEWLINE\[NEWLINE{dx\over dt}= y^{2n+1},\quad {dy\over dt}= -x^{2m+1}- f(x,y) y^{2n+1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with \(n,m\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}\).