Sharp inequalities of differential boundary values and sharp inequalities of difference boundary values (Q2800757)

Firstly, the authors establish the inequalities NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|x(t)|\leq\frac{1}{2}\Bigl(|x(a)+x(b)|+\int^b_a|x'(s)|ds\Bigr),\;t\in[a,b],\eqno(1)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE valid for each function \(x(t)\in C([a,b],R)\), and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|u_k|\leq\frac{1}{2}\Bigl(|u_1+u_{n+1}|+\sum^n_{k=1}|\triangle u_k|\Bigr),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE valid for \(u=(u_1,u_2,\dots,u_{n+1})^T\in R^{n+1}\) and any \(k\in\{1,2,\dots,n\}\); moreover, the constant \(1/2\) in them is the the best possible. Next, as an application of (1) they study the solvability of the boundary value problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINEx''(t)=f(t,x(t),x'(t)), t\in[a,b],NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEx(a)=x(b)=0,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE assuming that \(f\in C(R^3,R)\) and there are functions \(p,q,r\in C([a,b],[0,\infty))\) and a constant \(D>0\) with the properties \((b-a)||p||_1+2||q||_1<2,\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|f(t,u,v)|\leq p(t)|u|+q(t)|v|+r(t)\;\text{for}\;(t,u,v)\in[a,b]\times R^2,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEuf(t,u,v)>0\text{ for }|u|\geq D, t,v\in R.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The solvability in \(C^2[a,b]\) of the considered problem follows by a continuation theorem from the a priori bounds given by (1).