Representations and evaluations of the error term in a certain divisor problem (Q2826348)

The authors' main objective is to prove a Chowla-Walum type formula for the function NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta_{k,l}(x) : = \sum_{n\leq x}D_{(k,l)}(n) - x\tilde {P}_{k+l+1}(\log x), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(k,l\) are fixed non-negative integers, \(\tilde {P}_j(t)\) is a suitable polynomial of degree \(j\) in \(t\), and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE D_{(k,l)}(n) := \sum_{d| n}(\log d)^k(\log n/d)^l, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE which shows that the arithmetic function \(D_{(k,l)}(n)\) is generated by NEWLINE\[NEWLINE (-1)^{k+l}\zeta ^{(k)}(s)\zeta ^{(l)}(s), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where as usual \(\zeta (s)\) is the Riemann zeta-function. The main result, which follows by applying the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, states that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta_{k,l}(x) = -\bigl \{R_{k,l}(x) + R_{l,k}(x)\bigr \} + O(\log ^{k+l}x), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where NEWLINE\[NEWLINE R_{\alpha ,\beta}(x) = \sum_{j=0}^\beta {\beta \choose j}(-1)^j\log ^{\beta-j}x\sum_{n\leq x}\psi (x/n)\log ^{\alpha +j}n NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and \(\psi (x) = x - [x] - 1/2\). This formula is used to obtain explicit estimates for \(\Delta_{k,l}(x)\) by the theory of exponent pairs.