Quantum statistical field theory. An introduction to Schwinger's variational method with Green's function nanoapplications, graphene and superconductivity (Q2827264)

This interesting book is simultaneously an introduction to statistical quantum theory and at the same time provides the reader with some recent research on semiconductor nanostructures and the Landau quantization of electron orbits are discussed. It contains the following topics of interest:NEWLINENEWLINEDirac bra-ket notation in the matrix frame and the single-particle Schrödinger equation, and Schwinger measurement symbols as well as identical particles, second quantization, coherent states and squeezed states.NEWLINENEWLINEThe Heisenberg equation of motion for operators and its application to annihilation and creation operators are considered. The iteration series for time-development operator is explained perfectly. The interaction picture along with the perturbed Hamiltonian \(H=H_0+H_1\) (\(H_1\) perturbation summand), the \(S\)-matrix, the density matrix, superoperators and non-Markovian kinetic equations are discussed as well.NEWLINENEWLINEThe fourth chapter is devoted to the Schwinger action principle, the quantum Hamiltonian equation and variational calculus. Of special interest here is the theory of particle sources and boson-phonon theory.NEWLINENEWLINEThe theory of the Green's function and its applications to localized states, the Dyson integral equation, the \(T\)-matrix for \(\delta (x)\)-function potential is considered as well. Note that Ando's semi-elliptic density of states for the \(2D\) Landau-quantized electron-impurity system are of special interest here.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author shows the quantum mechanical ensemble averages and statistical thermodynamics, and discusses the diamagnetic susceptibility and the de Haas-van Alphen effect.NEWLINENEWLINEThermodynamic Green's functions and their spectral structure are considered as well the statistical thermodynamic information in the one- and two-particle Green's functions.NEWLINENEWLINEEquations of motion with particle-particle interactions and approximations are an object of the next chapter. The electron-hole interaction is also considered.NEWLINENEWLINENon-equilibrium Green's functions, variational relations and particles interaction approximations are discussed.NEWLINENEWLINEA chapter is devoted to plasma dielectric response phenomenology in the random phase approximation (RPA). The van der Waals interaction of two neutral polarizable systems in terms of their two-particle Green's functions is considered as well as Kramers-Krönig relations associated with causality, involving conductivity and polarizability.NEWLINENEWLINEThe next chapter is devoted to the application of the variational differential techniques and the Schwinger action principle to derive coupled field Green's function equations governing the quantum dynamics of a multicomponent system with multiple interactions.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author describes graphene in quantum mechanical point of view, as at the same time explains the physical structure. It is known that graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in an hexagonal lattice. We may consider it as a basic structural element of many other allotropes of the carbon with two-dimensional properties. Considered as a material it has many unusual properties. For instance, it is nearly transparent, the strongest material ever tested, a conductor of heat and electricity, and so on. A very interesting part of this book is the graphene mathematical model considered as a Hamiltonian dynamical system. The author uses for this purpose \(2D\) Pauli spin matrices \(\sigma =(\sigma_x,\sigma_y)\) and corresponding momentum \(p=(p_x,p_y)\), thus, the Hamiltonian takes the form NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \breve{h}_1=\gamma p\cdot\sigma = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & p_x-\mathrm{sgn}(\nu )ip_y\\ p_x+\mathrm{sgn}(\nu )ip_y & 0 \end{pmatrix}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the constant \(\gamma \) is derived from graphene band structure parameters. Next, the author shows the graphene Green's function in a perpendicular magnetic field and Landau quantization.NEWLINENEWLINEThe book ends with the theory of the superfluids and superconductors involving the phenomenology of Bose condensation with macroscopic occupation of the lowest microscopic energy level.NEWLINENEWLINENote that at the end of every chapter there are many problems of interest for the reader to solve.