On construction of surface-knots (Q2827535)

A surface-knot is a closed oriented surface embedded smoothly in \(\mathbb{R}^4\). A surface-knot diagram is the image of a surface-knot by a generic projection to \(\mathbb{R}^3\) such that the singular set consists of double curves, isolated triple points and isolated branch points, and each sheet is equipped with crossing information. A cross-exchangeable curve (c-e curve) of a surface-knot diagram is a double curve along which the crossing information can be exchanged. A surface-knot diagram is called to be d-minimal if one cannot change the connection of double curves easily; see Definition 3.1 in the paper for precise definition, and a surface-knot diagram is called tri-colorable if it admits a nontrivial coloring by the dihedral quandle of order 3.NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper, the authors give an algorithm to obtain c-e curves, and consider a crossing change operation along c-e curves. The main result is that they construct an infinite family of surface-knot diagrams with c-e curves which are d-minimal and tri-colorable such that the presented surface-knots are mutually inequivalent and the crossing change operation along the c-e curves yields diagrams of a trivial surface-knot.