Non-tiles and `walls' -- a variant on the Heesch problem (Q2827609)

The paper is related to Heesch numbers which is the maximum number of layers of copies of a planar figure \(F\), having the same shape and that can surround \(F\). A figure that tiles the plane has Heesch number infinity, and the Heesch number of a figure that cannot tile the plane in this sense (then called a non-tile) yields a measure of how much it can progress towards tiling the plane. Using the notions of ``wall'' and of ``wall thickness'', the authors modify this framework to rank non-tiles.