Lower estimates related to the twisted Dedekind function (Q2828360)

Let \(\chi\)(mod \(q\)) be a Dirichlet character and let \(\psi^{\chi}(n)=n\prod_{ p\mid n}(1+\chi(p)/p)\) be the twisted Dedekind function. Let NEWLINE\[NEWLINEE(x,\chi)=\sum_{n\leq x}\psi^{\chi}(n)-{1\over 2}{{L(2,\chi)}\over {L(4,\chi^2)}}x^2NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(L(s,\chi)\) denotes the Dirichlet \(L\)-function corresponding to the character \(\chi\). For \(q\geq 3\) let \(X_q\) denote the complex vector space of odd functions on the reduced residue classes (mod \(q\)) NEWLINE\[NEWLINEX_q=\{f:(\mathbb Z /q\mathbb Z)^*\rightarrow \mathbb C:f(q-a)=-f(a)\;\text{for all } a\in (\mathbb Z /q\mathbb Z)^*\}.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Now let \(\{x\}\) denote the fractional part of the real number \(x\), and let \(\text{s}(x)\) be the saw-tooth function which takes the value \({1\over 2}-\{x\}\) if \(x\not \in\mathbb Z\), and 0 otherwise. For \(a,x\in (\mathbb Z /q\mathbb Z)^*\) put NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\beta_a(x)=\text{s}\left ({{ax}\over q}\right ).NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Then \(\beta_a\in X_q\) and we define the subspace \(X_q^0\) of \(X_q\) byNEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE\[NEWLINEX_q^0=\text{Span}\{\beta_a, a\in (\mathbb Z /q\mathbb Z)^*\}.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The main results of the paper under review are the following two theorems. An odd Dirichlet character \(\chi\)(mod \(q\)) is called ``good'' if \(\chi \in X_q^0\) .NEWLINENEWLINE{Theorem 1.1.} Let \(\chi\) be an odd Dirichlet character (mod \(q\)), \(q\geq 3\) such that \(\chi \in X_q^0\). Then NEWLINE\[NEWLINEE(x, \chi)=\Omega(x\log \log x)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE as \(x\rightarrow \infty\). Moreover, NEWLINE\[NEWLINEE(x, \chi)=\Omega_{\pm}(x\log \log x)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE if \(\chi\) is real.NEWLINENEWLINE{Theorem 1.2.} Let \(\chi\) be an odd Dirichlet character (mod \(q\)), \(q\geq 3\), induced by a primitive character \(\chi^*\)(mod \(q^*\)). Then \(\chi\) is good if and only if for every prime \(p\mid q\) we have \(\chi^*(p)\neq 1\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe following corollary follows immediately from Theorems 1.1 and 1.2.NEWLINENEWLINE{Corollary 1.3.} Every primitive odd Dirichlet character \(\chi\)(mod \(q\)), \(q\geq 3\), is good. In particular, \(E(x, \chi)=\Omega(x\log \log x)\) as \(x\rightarrow \infty\). If in addition \(\chi\) is real, then \(E(x, \chi)=\Omega_{\pm}(x\log \log x)\).NEWLINENEWLINEAn immediate consequence of Theorem 1.2 is {Corollary 1.4.} A positive integer \(q\geq 3\) is good if and only if for every odd Dirichlet character \(\chi\)(mod \(q\)) and for every prime \(p\mid q\) we have \(\chi^*(p)\neq 1\).NEWLINENEWLINEHence we obtain {Corollary 1.5.} Every prime power \(q\geq 3\) is good.NEWLINENEWLINEAs the authors point out, there are also bad integers, the smallest example being \(q=14\).