Euler products in Ramanujan's lost notebook (Q2840310)

Ramanujan introduces for the first time the Euler product of the Dirichlet series in which the coefficients are given by the Ramanujan's tau-function in his famous paper ``On certain arithmetical functions'' [Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 22, 159--184 (1916; Zbl 07426016)]. He also records further in his lost notebook, Euler products for \(L\)-series attached to modular forms and typically does not show proofs of these claims. The article under review provides or sketches the proofs for several such entries using elementary methods, binary quadratic forms and modular forms.NEWLINENEWLINESet NEWLINE\[CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE (a;q)_{\infty} := \prod_{n=0}^{\infty} (1-aq^n), \;\;|q| < 1. CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE\]NEWLINE Ramanujan's function \(f(-q)\) is defined by NEWLINE\[CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE f(-q) := \sum_{-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^n q^{(3n^2-n)/2} = (q;q)_{\infty} =: q^{-1/24} \eta(z), \;q=e^{2\pi iz}, \;z \in {\mathbb H} := \{ z : \Im z > 0 \}. CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE\]NEWLINE For instance, the authors present an interesting proof for : If NEWLINE\[CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} q(n) q^n := q f^4(-q) f^4(-q^5), CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE\]NEWLINE then NEWLINE\[CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {q(n)}{n^s} = \frac {1}{1+5^{1-s}} \prod \limits_{p} \frac {1}{1-q(p)p^{-s} + p^{3-2s}} CARRIAGE_RETURNNEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the product is over all primes \(p\) except \(p=5\). Furthermore, \(q(2)=-4, q(3)=2, q(5)=-5, q(7)=6\), and more generally \(q^2(p) < 4p^3\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe values \(q(n), \;n=2,3,5,7\) calculated by Ramanujan are correct and as the authors point out the inequality \(q^2(p) < 4p^3\) follows from a deep work of Deligne (see [6]) though it is not clear whether Ramanujan had a proof of this inequality.