Spin chains and Arnold's problem on the Gauss-Kuz'min statistics for quadratic irrationals (Q2848648)

A new asymptotic formula is obtained for the number of solutions of the congruence \(xy\equiv \pm 1 \pmod q\) under the graph of linear function. The proof is based on the Weil bounds for Kloosterman sums. Using this result and the number theoretic model of spin chains, the author proves the asymptotic formula for the number of the chains, with the energy being bounded by a given number \(N\). Moreover, the more general result concerning the Gauss-Kuzmin statistics for spin chains is proved in the paper. Using the relation between the considered characteristics of spin chains and the distribution of quadratic irrationals, the author solves the Arnold's problem [\textit{V. I. Arnol'd}, Arnold's problems. (Russian), Moscow: FAZIS (2000; Zbl 1052.00003)] on the Gauss-Kuzmin statistics for quadratic irrationals.