Induced open projections and \(C^{\ast }\)-smoothness (Q2848705)

A \textit{continuum} \(X\) is a nondegenerate, compact, connected metric space, the symbol \(C(X)\) denotes the hyperspace of the nonempty closed connected subsets of \(X\) endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Given a continuous map between continua \(f:X\to Y\), the induced map \(C(f): C(X)\to C(Y)\) is defined via \(C(f)(A)=f(A)\). Given continua \(X,Y\), denote by \(\pi_{X}^Y: X\times Y\to X\) the projection map onto the first coordinate space. It was shown by \textit{J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik} and \textit{A. Illanes} in [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 128, No. 12, 3711--3714 (2000; Zbl 0974.54022)] that if \(C(\pi_X^Y)\) is open, then \(X\) is \textit{\(C^*\)-smooth}, i.e. the map \(A\mapsto C(A)\) from \(C(X)\) to \(C(C(X))\) is continuous. In the main result of the paper the authors show that the converse of the previous theorem does not hold by constructing a \(C^*\)-smooth continuum \(X\) which is a compactification of the ray \([0,\infty)\) with the remainder being a simple triod (i.e. \(X=J_1\cup J_2\cup J_3\), where each \(J_i\) is an arc, \(J_i\cap J_j=\{p\}\) whenever \(i\neq j\), and \(p\) is an endpoint of each \(J_i\)) such that for each continuum \(Y\), the induced map \(C(\pi_X^Y)\) is not open. Also, it is also shown that if \(X\) is a compactification of the ray with an arc as a remainder, then \(C(\pi_X^{[0,1]})\) is open.