Algebraic and topological structures on the set of mean functions and generalization of the AGM mean (Q2848710)

Given a nonempty symmetric domain \(\mathcal{D}\) in \({\mathbb R}^2\), we denote by \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\) the set of mean functions on \(\mathcal{D}\). Recall that a mean function (or simply a mean) on \(\mathcal{D}\) is a function \(M: \mathcal{D} \rightarrow {\mathbb R}\) satisfying the following three axioms:NEWLINENEWLINE(i) \(M\) is symmetric, i.e., \(M ( x,y ) =M ( y,x ) \) for all \( ( x,y ) \in \mathcal{D}\);NEWLINENEWLINE(ii) \(\min ( x,y ) \leq M ( x,y ) \leq \max ( x,y ) \) for all \( ( x,y ) \in \mathcal{D}\);NEWLINENEWLINE(iii) (\(M ( x,y ) =x\Rightarrow x=y\)) for all \(( x,y ) \in \mathcal{D}\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper the author establishes some algebraic and topological structures on \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\) and gives some of their properties. Namely, he constructs on \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\) a structure of an abelian group in which the neutral element is the arithmetic mean and then he studies some symmetries in that group. Moreover, he constructs on \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\) a~structure of a metric space under which \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\) is a closed ball with the center at the arithmetic mean and radius~\({1 \over 2}\). In particular, he shows that the geometric and harmonic means lie on the boundary of \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathcal{D}}\). Finally, he gives two theorems generalizing the construction of the AGM mean (the Gauss arithmetic-geometric mean). Roughly speaking, those theorems show that for any two given means \(M_1\) and \(M_2\) satisfying some regularity conditions there exists a unique mean \(M\) which satisfies the functional equation \(M ( M_1, M_2 ) =M\).