Numerical solution of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion-reaction problems with two small parameters (Q285266)

This paper studies the numerical solution of singularly perturbed 1D linear parabolic convection-diffusion-reaction partial differential equations (PDEs) of the form: \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\varepsilon\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}-\mu b(x,t)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+c(x,t)u=f(x,t),\quad x\in(0,1)\times (0,T],\\ u(x,0)=u_0(x),\quad x\in [0,1],\quad u(0,t) = (1,t) = 0,\quad t \in [0,T],\end{aligned} \] where \(0< \varepsilon \ll 1\) and \(< \mu \ll 1\), and it is assumed that \(\mu^2 \leq \varepsilon\). The solution of this PDE exhibits boundary layers at both the boundaries. To solve this linear 1D parabolic PDE, the backward-Euler method with an upwind finite difference scheme is used on layer-adapted nonuniform meshes obtained via the equidistribution principle. Parameter-uniform error estimates are derived, and numerical examples are carried out supporting the theoretical estimates.