Isolated points of some sets of bounded cosine families, bounded semigroups, and bounded groups on a Banach space (Q2854205)

Let \(\{C(t)\}_{t\in\mathbb R}\) be a cosine function in a Banach space \(X\). The authors set out to prove the following result.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem. Let \(C(t)\) be non-scalar, then there exists a sequence of cosine functions \(C_n=\{C_n(t)\}_{t\in\mathbb R}\) on \(X\) such that \(C_n\neq C\) and \(C_n\to C\) (\(n\to+\infty\)) uniformly in the operator norm. If \(C(t)\) is strongly continuous, then all \(C_n\) may be chosen strongly continuous as well.NEWLINENEWLINELet \(C(t)\) be scalar and bounded on a Hilbert space \(H\), then, if \(\tilde{C}\) is a bounded cosine function such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE4\|\tilde{C}\|^2_\infty\limsup_{t\to\infty}\|\tilde{C}(t)-C(t)\|<1,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then \(\tilde{C}(t)\equiv C(t)\).NEWLINENEWLINELet \(C(t)\) be a scalar continuous bounded cosine function on a Banach space \(X\), then, if \(\tilde{C}\) is a bounded continuous cosine function such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \sup_{t\in\mathbb R}\|\tilde{C}(t)-C(t)\|<1/2, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then \(\tilde{C}(t)\equiv C(t)\).NEWLINENEWLINEBy \(\text{Cos}^{norm}_{b,sc}(X)\) denote the set of all bounded strongly continuous cosine functions on the Banach space \(X\) equipped with the distance \(d(C, \tilde{C})=\sup_{t\in\mathbb R}\|C(t)-\tilde{C}(t)\|\). The proved results can be reformulated as follows: isolated points of metric space \(\text{Cos}^{norm}_{b,sc}(X)\) are precisely scalar cosine functions in \(\text{Cos}^{norm}_{b,sc}(X)\). Analogous results are proved for bounded \(C_0\)-semigroups on \(X\).NEWLINENEWLINEBy \(\text{Cos}^{\text{strong}}_{b,sc}(X)\) denote the set of all bounded strongly continuous cosine functions on the Banach space \(X\) equipped with the topology of strong convergence. It is proved that \(\text{Cos}^{\text{strong}}_{b,sc}(X)\) has no isolated points. A similar result is true for \(C_0\)-semigroups.