Function equation \(f(x)=pf(x-1)-qf(x-2)+rf(x-3)\) and its Hyers-Ulam stability (Q2865682)

The authors study the Ulam-Hyers stability a functional equation of a single variable, namely NEWLINE\[NEWLINEF(x) - p F(x-1) + q F(x-2) - r F(x-3) = 0 \text{ all } x \in \mathbb{R}.\tag{\(*\)}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Here \(p, q, r\) are three fixed real numbers such that the polynomial \(x^3 - px^2 +qx-r\) has three distinct real roots \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\) satisfying \(|a|>1\), \(0<|b|<1\) and \(0<|c|<1\). Let \(X\) be a Banach space and NEWLINE\[NEWLINEL = {1 \over {|(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)|}} \left [ {{|b-c||a^3|} \over {|a|-1}} + {{|c-a||b^2|} \over {1-|b|}} + {{|a-b||c^2|} \over {1-|a|}} \right ]. NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The authors prove that if \(f: \mathbb{R} \to X\) satisfies the functional inequality NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\|f(x) - pf(x-1)+qf(x-2)-rf(x-3) \| \leq \epsilon NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for all \(x \in \mathbb{R}\) and for some \(\epsilon > 0\), then there exists a solution \(F : \mathbb{R} \to X\) of the functional equation \((*)\) such that \(\|f(x)-F(x)\| \leq L \epsilon\) for all \(x \in \mathbb{R}\).