Almost-toric hypersurfaces (Q286665)

Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field and \(K^\ast=K\smallsetminus \{0\}\). Let \(A=[a_0, \dots, a_{n+1}]\) be an \(n\times (n+2)\) integer matrix whose columns span the lattice \(\mathbb{Z}^n,\;a_i=(a_{ji})\). Let \(t^{a_i}=t_1^{a_{1i}}\cdot\dots\cdot t_n^{a_{ni}}\) and consider the map \(\Phi_A:(K^\ast)^n\to (K^\ast)^{n+2}\) defined by \(\Phi_A(t)=(t^{a_0}, \dots, t^{a_{n+1}})\). Assume that all columns of \(A\) sum to the same positive integer \(d\). Then \(\Phi_A\) induces as a map \((K^\ast)^n\to \mathbb{P}^{n+1}\). The toric variety \(X_A\) is the closure in \(\mathbb{P}^{n+1}\) of the image of \(\Phi_A\). Let \(f=(f_0(x), f_1(x), \dots, f_{n+1}(x))\in K[x]^{n+2}\) be a vector of univariate polynomials in the variable \(x\). This vector defines a parametric curve \(Y_f\subset \mathbb{P}^{n+1}\), the closure of the set \(\{(f_0(x):\dots:f_{n+1}(x))\}\). Let \(Z_{A, f}\) be the closure of the set \[ \{(t^{a_0} f_0(x):t^{a_1} f_1(x):\dots : t^{a_{n+1}} f_{n+1}(x)\;|\;f\in (K^\ast)^n, x\in K\}\subseteq \mathbb{P}^{n+1}\;, \] the so--called Hadamard product of \(X_A\) and \(Y_f\). The Plücker matrix associated with \(A\) is the \((n+2)\times(n+2)\) matrix \[ P_A=(p_{ij}) , \;p_{ij}=\begin{cases} \frac{1}{\delta}(-1)^{i+j}\det(A_{[i,j]} )& i<j\\ -p_{ji} & i>j\\ 0 & i=j. \end{cases} \] Here \(\delta\) is the greatest common divisor of all \(\det(A_{[i,j]})\) and \(A_{[i,j]}\) is the \(n\times N\) submatrix of \(A\) obtained by deleting the columns \(a_i\) and \(a_j\). The valuation matrix associated with \(f\) is an integer matrix \(V_f\) with \(n+2\) rows defined as follows. Let \(g_1, \dots, g_m\) be all distinct linear factors of \(f_0, \dots, f_{n+1}\) and let \(\mathrm{ord}_{g_j} f_i\) be the multiplicity of \(g_j\) in \(f_i\). Let \(u_j:=(\mathrm{ord}_{g_j} f_0, \dots, \mathrm{ord}_{g_j} f_{n+1})\) and \(S=\{u_1, \dots, u_m\}\). If two vectors in \(S\) are linearly dependent, then we delete them and add their sum to the set. After finitely many steps we end up with \(S'=\{v_1, \dots, v_l\}\). Now \(V_f:=[v_1^T v_2^T\cdots v_l^T(-\sum\limits_{j=1}^l v_j)^T]\). The following theorem is proved. If \(\mathrm{rank}(P_A\cdot V_f)=0\) then \(Z_{A,f}\) is not a hypersurface. If \(\mathrm{rank}(P_A\cdot V_f)=1\) then \(Z_{A,f}\) is a toric hypersurface. If \(\mathrm{rank}(P_A\cdot V_f)=2\) then \(Z_{A,f}\) is a hypersurface but not toric. In case \(Z_{A,f}\) is a hypersurface, it is called the almost toric hypersurface associated to \((A, f)\). The Newton polytope of \(Z_{A,f}\) is described and an algorithm to compute a defining equation for \(Z_{A,f}\).