There are no essential phantom mappings from 1-dimensional CW-complexes (Q2866786)

In a previous paper the author proved the following result: for CW-complexes \(Z, Y\) with \(\dim Y \leq 1\), there are no essential phantom mappings \(h:Z\rightarrow Y\). In this paper the author studies phantom mappings \(h:Z\rightarrow Y\) and pairs of phantom mappings \(h,h':Z\rightarrow Y\) when \(Z\) and \(Y\) are CW-complexes and with \(\dim Y \leq 1\). The main result is: If \(h:Z \rightarrow Y\) is a phantom mapping between CW-complexes and \(\dim Z \leq 1\) then \(h\) is homotopic to a constant mapping, i.e. \(h\) is not essential.NEWLINENEWLINE In contrast, there exist essential phantom pairs of mappings between CW-complexes where \(\dim Z = 1\) and \(\dim Y=2\). Moreover, there exist essential phantom mappings with \(\dim Z=\dim Y=1,\) where \(Y\) is a CW-complex and \(Z\) is not. The author concludes with an example which shows that the assumption that \(Z\) is CW-complex cannot be omitted.