Nielsen type numbers and homotopy minimal periods for maps on solvmanifolds with \(\operatorname{Sol}_{1}^{4}\)-geometry (Q288171)

The authors study closed manifolds \(\Gamma\backslash\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\) where \(\Gamma\) is a lattice in \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\) and \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\) is the four-dimensional matrix Lie group generated by \[ \begin{pmatrix}1&y&x\\0&\exp\theta&z\\0&0&1\end{pmatrix} \] where \(x,y,z,\theta\in\mathbb{R}\). Its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{sol}^4_1\) consists of the matrices \[ \begin{pmatrix}0&b&a\\0&\theta&c\\0&0&0\end{pmatrix} \] with \(a,b,c,\theta\in\mathbb{R}\). This Lie algebra is completely solvable, i.e., for each \(X\in\mathfrak{ sol}^4_1\) the map \(\text{ad}(X)\) has only real eigenvalues. Let then \(f:\Gamma\backslash\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\to\Gamma\backslash\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\) be continuous and choose a lift \(\tilde{f}\) to the universal cover \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\). Then we have a homomorphism \(\phi:\Gamma\to\Gamma\) on the group \(\Gamma\) of covering transformations defined by \(\phi(\gamma)\tilde{f}=\tilde{f}\circ\gamma\) for \(\gamma\in\Gamma\). This homomorphism then extends to a homomorphism \(\Phi:\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\to\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\). The authors restrict themselves to the case where each continuous map on \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\backslash\Gamma\) is induced by a Lie group homomorphism \(\Phi\) on \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\) preserving \(\Gamma\). Let then \(\Phi\) be a Lie group homomorphism on \(\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\). We have a commutative diagram \[ \begin{tikzcd} \mathrm{Sol}^4_1 \ar[r,"\Phi"] \ar[d, "\log" '] & \mathrm{Sol}^4_1 \ar[d, "\log"] \\ \mathrm{Sol}^4_1 \ar[r, "\Phi_*" '] & \mathrm{Sol}^4_1 \end{tikzcd} \] Then \(\Phi_*\) is called the linearisation of \(\Phi\). It has the following form \[ \begin{pmatrix} \phi_0&0&0\\*&\phi_1&0\\*&*&\phi_2\end{pmatrix} \] where \(\phi_1\) is an integer \((2,2)\)-matrix. Now we are in a position to describe the main result: Let \(f:\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\backslash\Gamma\to\mathrm{Sol}^4_1\backslash\Gamma\) be continuous with linearisation \(\Phi_*\) as above then the set of homotopy minimal periods of \(f\) is: \(\{1\}\) if \(\phi_0=0\), \(\emptyset\) if \(\phi_0=1\) or \((\phi_0=-1\) and \(\phi_2=\pm1\)), \(\{1\}\) if \(\phi_0=-1\) and \(\phi_2=0\), \(\mathbb{N}\setminus2\mathbb{N}\) if \(\phi_0=-1\) and \(\phi_2\notin\{-1,0,1\}\), \(\mathbb{N}\setminus \{2\}\) if \(\phi_0=2\), and \(\mathbb{N}\) else. Here, the set of homotopy minimal periods is the intersection of the set of minimal periods over all maps \(g\) homotopic to \(f\).