Some fascinating properties of balancing numbers (Q2883403)

A positive integer \(n\) is called a balancing number by \textit{A. Behera} and \textit{G. K. Panda} [Fibonacci Q. 37, No. 2, 98--105 (1999; Zbl 0962.11014)] if NEWLINE\[NEWLINE1+2+\ldots+(n-1)=(n+1)+(n+2)+\ldots +(n+r)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE holds for some positive integer \(r\). In the above paper it was proved, among others, that a positive integer \(n\) is a balancing number if and only if \(n^2\) is a triangular number, that is \(8n^2+1\) is a perfect square. Further, if we set \(B_1=1, B_2=6\) then the sequence \(\{B_n\}\) of balancing numbers satisfy the second order linear recurrence NEWLINE\[NEWLINEB_{n+1}=6B_n-B_{n-1} , \;n=2,3,\ldotsNEWLINE\]NEWLINE and the non-linear first order recurrence NEWLINE\[NEWLINEB_{n+1}=3B_n+\sqrt{8B_n^2+1}, \;n=1,2,\ldotsNEWLINE\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESet \(C_n=\sqrt{8B_n^2+1}\). In the paper under review the author proves several further interesting properties on sequences \(\{B_n\}\) and \(\{C_n\}\).