On Gram's law in the theory of the Riemann zeta function (Q2889556)

The author gives a detailed and well-written account of Gram points in the theory of the Riemann zeta-function \(\zeta(s)\), and presents many interesting new results (see also his paper [``Gram's law and Selberg's conjecture on the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function'', Izv. Math. 74, No. 4, 743--780 (2010); translation from Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Mat. 74, No. 4, 83--118 (2010; Zbl 1257.11080)]). If one writes the functional equation for \(\zeta(s)\) as \(\zeta(s) = \chi(s)\zeta(1-s)\) and defines NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \vartheta(t) = -{1\over 2i}\log\chi(\tfrac 12+it), \quad\roman{or}\quad{\roman e}^{i\vartheta(t)} = \pi^{-it/2}\frac {\Gamma({1\over4}+ \frac{1}{2}it)}{|\Gamma({1\over4}+ \frac{1}{2}it)|}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then \(\vartheta(t) \in\mathbb R\) if \(t\in\mathbb R\). The Gram point \(t_n\;(n\geq0)\) is the unique solution of the equation \(\vartheta(t_n) = \pi(n-1)\). Further, let \(0 < \gamma_1 < \gamma_2 < \ldots \leq \gamma_n \leq \gamma_{n+1}\leq\dots\leq\) denote positive ordinates of the zeros of \(\zeta(s)\). Then the ordinate \(\gamma_n\) is said to satisfy Gram's law if \(t_{n-1} < \gamma_n \leq t_n\). If \(t_{m-1} < \gamma_n \leq t_m\), then we put \(\Delta_n :=m-n\). Clearly, an ordinate \(\gamma_n\) satisfies Gram's law if and only if \(\Delta_n=0\). Among 14 theorems proved by the author, we mention just the first two. We have unconditionally \(\Delta_n = O(\log n)\), and if the Riemann Hypothesis holds, then NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta_n = O\left(\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}\right). NEWLINE\]NEWLINE If \(M= [N^{27/82+\varepsilon}]\), then NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \max_{N<n\leq N+M}(\pm\Delta_n) \geq c{\left(\frac{\log n}{\log\log n}\right)}^{1/2}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(c = c(\varepsilon)\) is a suitable positive constant. The proofs of the results are based on altogether 11 lemmas, which involve a variety of techniques from zeta-function theory.