Large deviations of the limiting distribution in the Shanks-Rényi prime number race (Q2898409)

The Shanks-Rényi prime number race asks if for a fixed \(q\), and distinct residue classes \(a_1, \dots, a_r\), coprime to \(q\), each of the \(r!\) possible orderings of the prime counting function \(\pi(x;q,a_i)\) occurs infinitely often, as \(x \rightarrow \infty\). This problem has been studied by several mathematicians. By work of \textit{M. Rubinstein} and \textit{P. Sarnak} [Exp. Math. 3, No. 3, 173--197 (1994; Zbl 0823.11050)] it is known, assuming GRH and LI (the nonnegative imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of Dirichlet L-functions attached to primitive characters are linearly independent over \(\mathbb{Q}\)), that for any admissible \(r\)-tuple \((a_1, \dots, a_r)\) of residue classes the expression \(E(q;a_1, \dots, a_r)(x)= ( E(x;q,a_1), \dots, E(x;q,a_r))\), where \(E(x;q,a)=\frac{\log x}{\sqrt{x}} (\varphi(q)\pi(x;q,a)-\pi(x))\) has a limiting distribution \(\mu_{q; a_1, \dots, a_r}\), and they obtained results on the tail of the distribution: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\exp(-\exp (c_2(q)V))\ll_q \mu_{q; a_1, \dots, a_r}(\|\mathbf{x}\| >V) \ll \exp(-\exp (c_1(q)\sqrt{V})),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for some positive constants \(c_1(q), c_2(q)\). Using methods of the author's work [Math. Ann. 356, No. 3, 1117--1162 (2013; Zbl 1286.11144)], these estimates are considerably refined, for example it is proved (also on GRH and LI), that for fixed \(r\geq 2\), real \(A\geq 1\) and large \(q\) the following holds: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\exp(-\exp (c_2(r,A)\frac{V^2}{\varphi(q)\log q})) \ll \mu_{q; a_1, \dots, a_r}(\|\mathbf{x}\| >V) \ll \exp(-\exp (c_1(r,A)\frac{V^2}{\varphi(q)\log q})),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE uniformly in the range \((\varphi(q)\log q))^{1/2} \ll V \leq A \varphi(q)\log q\), where \(c_2(r,A)> c_1(r,A)\) are positive constants.