Embedding theorems for spaces of \(\mathbb R\)-places of rational function fields and their products (Q2900983)

For a field \(K\) there is a continuous surjective mapping \(\lambda: X(K) \to M(K)\), where \(X(K)\) is the boolean space of orderings on \(K\), and \(M(K)\) is the space of real places of \(K\) with the quotient topology inherited from \(X(K)\). When \(R\) is real closed, there is a homeomorphism \(\chi: C(R) \to X(R(y))\), where \(C(R)\) is the space of all cuts in \(R\) with interval topology, and \(R(y)\) is the rational function field in one variable. The authors' aim of constructing embeddings of \(M(R(y))\) into \(M(F(y))\), where \(F\) is a real closed extension field of \(R\), is thus reduced to studying the embeddings of respective spaces of cuts \(C(R)\) and \(C(F)\). In fact, a more general situation is also considered, when \(F\) is a formally real extension of \(R\). It is proved that in this more general setting a continuous embedding of \(M(R(y))\) into \(M(F(y))\) (compatible with restriction) exists if and only if the value group \(vR\) of the canonical valuation \(v\) is a convex subgroup of \(vF\). If \(R\) is archimedean ordered, the embedding exists, and if \(F\) is real closed, there is at most one embedding.NEWLINENEWLINEThe final part of the paper is devoted to a study of embeddings of products \(M({\mathbb R}(y_1)) \times \cdots \times M({\mathbb R}(y_n))\) into \(M({\mathbb R}(y_1,\dots,y_n))\) which, in case \(n=2\), is related to the open question whether the torus is realizable as a space of real places.