Curious congruences for balancing numbers (Q2911296)

A positive integer \(n\) is called \textit{co-balancing number} if NEWLINE\[NEWLINE 1+2+\dots+n=(n+1)+(n+2)+\dots+(n+r) NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for some positive integer \(r\) called the \textit{co-balancer} and \textit{balancing number} if NEWLINE\[NEWLINE 1+2+\dots+(n-1)=(n+1)+(n+2)+\dots+(n+r) NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(r\) is called \textit{balancer}.NEWLINENEWLINESince the first paper published on balancing numbers by A. Behera and G. K. Panda several authors dealt with this topic and gave new generalizations of balancing or co-balancing numbers. In this article the author deals with the topic of sequence of balancing numbers and gives some fascinating congruences involving other related (e.g. Lucas) numbers.NEWLINENEWLINEThe author proves several interesting results on balancing \(B_n\) and Lucas-balancing numbers \(C_n\). A few of them are listed below. For more details see the original article.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 2.3. Let \(m\) and \(n\) be positive integers. Then \((B_m,B_n)= B_{(m,n)}.\)NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 3.1. If \(p\) is an odd prime, then \(C_p\equiv 3 \pmod p\), \(B_p\equiv \left(\frac{p}{8}\right) \pmod p\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINETheorem 3.9. For any positive integer \(m\), \( B_{2m}\equiv 0 \pmod {C_m},\quad B_{2m-1}\equiv 1 \pmod {C_m}\).