Calabi-Yau threefolds fibred by mirror quartic \(K3\) surfaces (Q291765)

This paper initiates the study of threefolds fibred by \(K3\) surfaces, with special focus on Calabi-Yau threefolds. For the \(K3\) fibration, a mirror quartic \(K3\) surface is chosen. Mirror quartic \(K3\) surfaces are lattice polarized by the rank \(19\) lattice \(M_2:=H\oplus E_8\oplus E_8\oplus<-4>\), and move in a one-dimensional moduli space (isomorphic to the modular curve \(\mathbb{H}/\Gamma_0(2)^+\)). Denote by \({\mathcal{M}}_{M_2}\) the compactification of \(M_2\). Let \({\mathcal{X}}\) be a smooth projective threefold that admits a fibration \(\pi : {\mathcal{X}}\to B\) by a \(K3\) surfaces over a smooth base curve \(B\). Let \(NS(X_p)\) denote the Néron-Severi group of the fibre of \({\mathcal{X}}\) over a general point \(p\in B\). Assume that \(NS(X_p)\simeq M_2\). Let \(U\subset B\) be an open set over which the fibres of \({\mathcal{X}}\) are smooth \(K3\) surfaces and let \(\pi_U: {\mathcal{X}}_U\to U\) be the restriction of \({\mathcal{X}}\) to \(U\). Suppose that \({\mathcal{X}}_U\to U\) is an \(M_2\)-polarized family of \(K3\) surfaces. The main result of this article is formulated in the following theorem. Theorem: Let \({\mathcal{X}}_U\to U\) denote a non-isotrivial \(M_2\)-polarized family of \(K3\) surfaces over a quasi-projective curve \(U\), such that the Néron-Severi group of a general fibre of \({\mathcal{X}}_U\) is isomorphic to \(M_2\). Then \({\mathcal{X}}_U\) is uniquely determined (up to isomorphism) by its generalized functional invariant map \(g: U\to{\mathcal{M}}_{M_2}\). This result is then used to give a complete explicit description of all Calabi-Yau threefolds fibred by mirror quartic \(K3\) surfaces. Next the Hodge numbers \(h^{1,1}\) and \(h^{2,1}\) of the Calabi-Yau threefolds admitting fibrations by \(M_2\)-polarized \(K3\) surfaces are computed giving closed formulas. The paper concludes by studying deformations and moduli spaces of such Calabi-Yau threefolds.