On series of dilated functions (Q2922407)

Let \(\{x\}\) denote the fractional part of \(x\) and \(f:[0,1]\to[0,1]\). The authors study the a.e.\ convergence of the sum NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\sum_{k=1}^\infty c_kf(\{n_kx\})\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE in \(x\in[0,1]\), where \(n_k\) is an increasing sequence of positive integers and the \(c_k\) are reals. They mention a classical result by \textit{L. Carleson} [Acta Math. 116, 135--157 (1966; Zbl 0144.06402)], which states that, if \(f\) is a trigonometrical polynomial and \(n_k=k\), then (1) converges for a.e. \(x\in[0,1]\) provided that \(\sum_{k=1}^\infty c^2_k<\infty\). \textit{V. F. Gaposhkin} [Mat. Zametki 4, 253--260 (1968; Zbl 0177.32001)] showed that this remains valid if the Fourier coefficients \(a_k\) of \(f\) satisfy \(\sum_{k=1}^\infty |a_k|<\infty\). \textit{H. Rademacher} [Math. Ann. 87, 112--138 (1922; JFM 48.0485.05)] showed that, if \((a_k)\) is a real sequence for which \(\sum_{k=1}^\infty(a_k\log k)^2<\infty\) and \((\phi_k)\) is an orthonormal system in \([0,1]\), then \(\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k\phi_k(x)\) converges a.e.\ on \([0,1]\).NEWLINENEWLINE In the introduction, the authors note that the purpose of the present paper is to give a detailed study of the series (1), using connections with orthogonal function theory and asymptotic estimates for the greatest common divisor (GCD) sums in Diophantine approximation theory and that this not only leads to extension and improvement of earlier results, but also simplifies and unifies the convergence theory. Really, the paper contains many interesting but complicated results. We present the following one: Let \(f(x)=\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j\sin2\pi jx\). Assume that \(|a_j|=O(j^{-s})\), \(s>\frac{1}{2}\), \(\sum_{k=1}^\infty c^2_k\sum_{d|n_k}d^{1--2s}(\log k)^2<\infty\). Then the series (1) converges a.e.