On canonical subfield preserving polynomials (Q2925467)

Let \(p\) be a prime, \(q\) a power of \(p\), and \(m\) a positive integer. Let \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\) be the finite field with \(q^m\) elements. A polynomial \(f \in \mathbb F_{q^m}[x]\) is called a \textit{permutation polynomial} of \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\) if the associated mapping \(x\mapsto f(x)\) from \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\) to \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\) is a permutation of \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\). Let \(f \in \mathbb F_{q^m}[x]\) be a permutation polynomial of \(\mathbb F_{q^m}\) with coefficients in \(\mathbb F_q\). Then \(f(\mathbb F_{q})=\mathbb F_{q}\) and \(f(\mathbb F_{q^d}\setminus \mathbb F_{q^s})=\mathbb F_{q^d}\setminus \mathbb F_{q^s}\) for all \(d, s \mid m\).NEWLINENEWLINELet \(T_q^m\) be the set of polynomials with coeficients in \(\mathbb F_q\) that have the property NEWLINE\[NEWLINEf(\mathbb F_{q})\subseteq \mathbb F_{q} \,\,\text{and}\,\, f(\mathbb F_{q^d}\setminus \mathbb F_{q^s})\subseteq \mathbb F_{q^d}\setminus \mathbb F_{q^s} \,\,\text{for all}\,\, d, s \mid m.NEWLINE\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE\(T_q^m\) is a monoid under composition and its invertible elements \((T_q^m)^*\) form the group of permutation polynomials with coefficients in \(\mathbb F_{q}\). In this paper, authors give the explicit semigroup structure of \(T_q^m\): NEWLINE\[NEWLINET_q^m\cong \times_{k|m}\,\,M_{[\pi(k)]} \ltimes C_k^{\pi(k)},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(C_k\) is the cyclic group of order \(k\), \(\pi(k)\) is the number of monic irreducible polynomials of degree \(k\) over \(\mathbb F_q\), and \(M_{[n]}\) is the set of all maps from \(\{1, \ldots, n\}\) to itself. Authors also present some results on the asymptotic density of \(T_q^m\).NEWLINENEWLINEConsider an element of \( \mathbb F_{q}[x]/(x^{q^p}-x)\) chosen uniformly at random. The probability that this is a permutation polynomial tends to \(0\) as \(p\) and/or \(q\) tends to \(\infty\).NEWLINENEWLINEConsider an element of \( \mathbb F_{q}[x]/(x^{q^p}-x)\) chosen uniformly at random. The probability that this is subfield preserving tends to \(e^{- \lim_{p\lor q \to \infty}\,\frac{q}{p}}\) as \(p\) and/or \(q\) tends to \(\infty\).NEWLINENEWLINEThis will imply the following results. {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[--] Given \(p\) prime, for \(q\) relatively large, the density of \(T_q^p\) is approximately zero. \item[--] Given \(q\), for \(p\) relatively large prime, the density of \(T_q^p\) is approximately one.\item[--] For \(q=p\) a large prime, the density of \(T_p^p\) is approximately \(1/e\).NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}}