Quantum \(\mathbb{F}_{\mathrm{un}}\): the \(q = 1\) limit of Galois field quantum mechanics, projective geometry and the field with one element (Q2926447)

The authors contribute to the problem of recovering classical mechanics from quantum mechanics. They review several approaches to this hitherto unsolved problem, and start their own approach using Galois field quantum mechanics (GFQ), thereby continuing their work from the authors [``Galois field quantum mechanics'', Mod. Phy. Lett. B 27, No. 10, Article ID 1350064, 10 p. (2013; \url{doi:10.1142/S0217984913500644}); J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 46, No. 6, Article ID 065304, 19 p. (2013; Zbl 1263.81021)].NEWLINENEWLINE In GFQ, finite projective geometries \(\mathrm{PG}(N-1, q)\) of dimension \(N-1\) coordinatized by a Galois field \(\mathrm{GF}(q)\), \(q\) some prime power, serve as state spaces of the physical system. For \(N=4\) the authors construct a very simple two-``spin'' system in the vector space \(\mathrm{GF}(q)^N\), which has \(q^3+q^2+q+1\) states. For the ``limit'' \(q=1\) this gives 4 states, and the system is ``classical''. Using the definition of \(F_1\) (``field with one element'') given by N. Kurokawa and S. Koyama they define the projective geometry \(\mathrm{PG}(N-1,1)\), thus giving a sense to the \(q=1\) case.