Time-dependent correlation functions for the bimodal Bose-Hubbard model (Q294982)

The paper uses the Quantum Inverse Method (QIM) to calculate time-dependent correlation functions for the bimodal Bose-Hubbard model. First, in two-mode approximation, the atoms dynamics is described by the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which then is presented as a spin Hamiltonian with the \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\) generators in the Schwinger representation. In the spin form, the bimodal Bose-Hubbard model is equivalent to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model of nuclear physics. By considering the spin Hamiltonian and giving its exact solution, the author extends it to the model with the original Hamiltonian through the mapping presented in the paper. To apply QIM to solution of the model, it is considered two \(2\times2\) matrix L-operators with mutually commutating elements. These L-operators are obtained as a special limit of the general boson L-operator. Then, it is selected monodromy matrix as a product these L-operators and calculated its trace. The monodromy matrix of the model multiplying L-operators is defined in the opposite order. The introduced L-operators satisfy the intertwining relations with the rational R-matrix, having entries. The mutual commutativity of entries of the L-operator-valued matrices introduces the algebra of entries, defining creation and annihilation operators for quasi-particles of the theory. Then the \(N\)-particle state vectors are constructed in the usual form for the QIM method with eigenvalues being the set of solutions of the Bethe equations. The conjugate \(N\)-particle state vector is introduced with eigenvalues being the set of arbitrary parameters. Eigen-values of the transfer matrix (the trace of the monodromy matrix) are presented through two sets of eigen-values. The conjugate \(N\)-particle state vector is an eigenvector of the transfer matrix. The ground state of the spin Hamiltonian corresponds to the minimal value of eigenenergy. Then, it is considered the state vectors constructed by the creation and annihilation operators. To calculate correlators, it is used the formula for the scalar product of state vectors of integrable models adopted for the model under consideration. The squares of the norms of the eigenvectors are calculated by the Gaudin formula and the Bethe state vectors form a complete orthogonal set. The obtained determinant representation is used in calculation of transition element of the photon annihilation operator. To find the transition element of the creation operator, it is taken the complex conjugation of the transition element of the annihilation operator. It is expressed in the determinant form. The obtained transition elements allow one to calculate various \(n\)-photon time-dependent correlation functions by using \(n\)-photon Green function as the average taken over the \(N\)-particle ground state of the model. As a result, the obtained time-dependent correlation functions allow one to calculate the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement.