A characterization of Burniat surfaces with \(K^2=4\) and of non nodal type (Q295112)

Burniat surfaces are minimal surfaces of general type with \(p_g=q=0\) and \(6\geq K^2\geq 2\) first discovered by \textit{P. Burniat} in the last century [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 71, 1--24 (1966; Zbl 0144.20203)]. Burniat surfaces are obtained as \(\mathbb Z^2\)- covers of a blow-up of \(\mathbb P^2\) with an explicit branch locus (see \textit{C. A. M. Peters} [Nagoya Math. J. 66, 109--119 (1977; Zbl 0329.14019)]) and their bicanonical map is always a morphism of degree 4. By the reviewer's results [\textit{M. Mendes Lopes}, Arch. Math. 69, No. 5, 435--440 (1997; Zbl 0921.14024)], 4 is the maximum degree possible for the bicanonical map of surfaces with \(p_g=q=0\) when it is a morphism. Note that by Reider's theorem for \(K^2\geq 5\) the bicanonical map is always a morphism. In [Topology 40, No. 5, 977--991 (2001; Zbl 1072.14522)], it was shown by \textit{R. Pardini} and the reviewer that minimal surfaces of general type with \(p_g=q=0\) and \(K^2=6\) having bicanonical map of degree \(4\) are Burniat surfaces. Subsequently in [Manuscr. Math. 135, No. 1--2, 165--181 (2011; Zbl 1213.14072)], \textit{L. Zhang} showed that minimal surfaces of general type with \(p_g=q=0\) and \(K^2=5 \) having bicanonical map of degree \(4\) and the extra hypothesis of having \textsl{smooth} bicanonical image are also Burniat surfaces. In the present paper the same result is proved for minimal surfaces of general type with \(p_g=q=0\) and \(K^2=4 \), under the extra hypotheses that the bicanonical map is a \textit{morphism } and that the bicanonical image is \textit{smooth}. Essentially the same methods of [Zbl 1072.14522] are used.