On the emergence and orbital stability of phase-locked states for the Lohe model (Q300712)

Many studies about the behaviour of complex systems have been done so far. They are focused on the classification of different types of these systems and attempts different models and approaches for their description. A special attention is paid to the case of collective dynamics where both synchronous and asynchronous cases are considered. In this paper, the authors focuse on the Kuramoto model with Lohe's matrix-valued ordinary differential equation model (this is a non-abelian generalization of the Kuramoto approach). They consider a quantum network built of \(N\) nodes with quantum channels connecting all possible pairs of quantum nodes. This approach allows to consider each quantum as a component of a physical system interacting via quantum channels. A special attention is paid to an analytical framework that guarantees the emergence and stability of phase-locked states from the initial states via the Lohe flow. This is done in order to understand the large-time dynamics such as existence of equilibria, limit-cycles and stability. To achieve these goals, firstly we need to identify the possible limiting dynamics of a given system or, equivalently, to solve the corresponding nonlinear algebraic system. The whole paper is organized as follows. After some preliminaries presented in the introduction, Section 2 shows the basic properties, special cases, and phase-locked states of the Lohe model. Then, in Section 3, we have a definition of the ensemble diameter and a derivation of Gronwall's differential inequality for the ensemble diameter. In Section 4, the authors present the main results on the existence of phase-locked states under the two frameworks stated in terms of the coupling strength and the size of the ensemble diameter for identical and non-identical oscillators. Section 5 gives a summary of the main results and a discussion of future research directions.