Equidistribution of zeros of random holomorphic sections for moderate measures (Q303784)

The main goal of this paper is to provide a concrete family of singular (moderate) measures with respect to which the zero sets of random holomorphic sections of high powers of a positive holomorphic line bundle are equidistributed. Let \(X\) be a projective manifold of dimension \(k\) and let \(L\) be an ample line bundle over \(X\). Let \(H^0(X,L^n)\) denote the set of holomorphic sections of the \(n\)-th tensor power \(L^n\) and \(\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\) the associated projective space. Let \(\omega_{FS}\) be its normalised Fubini-Study form and define \(k_n=\dim\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\). \textit{B. Shiffman} and \textit{S. Zelditch} [Commun. Math. Phys. 200, No. 3, 661--683 (1999; Zbl 0919.32020)] provided a notion of random sequence of sections \((s_n)_n\) by considering the probability space \((\mathbb P^X, \mu)\), where \(\mathbb P^X=\prod_{n\geq 1}\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\) and \(\mu\) is the product of the Haar measures on \(\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\). For a section \(s_n\in \mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\) let \([Z_{s_n}]\) denote the integration current of the zero set of \(s_n\). One of the main results of Shiffman and Zelditch's paper is that for \(\mu\)-almost all \((s_n)_n\) the normalised integration currents \(\frac 1n [Z_{s_n}]\) tend, weakly in the sense of measures, to the curvature form \(\omega\) of \(L\). Further results were obtained by \textit{T.-C. Dinh} and \textit{N. Sibony} [Comment. Math. Helv. 81, No. 1, 221--258 (2006; Zbl 1094.32005)], and recently by \textit{T.-C. Dinh} et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 271, No. 11, 3082--3110 (2016; Zbl 1373.32016)]. The main result of this paper shows that the same kind of convergence takes place if the measure \(\mu\) is replaced by a concrete family of (moderate) singular measures. Theorem 1.1 states that given \(\rho\in (0,1)\) there exists a constant \(c=c(X,L,\rho)>1\) with the following property. For all \(n\geq 1\) and \(j=1,\dots,k_n\) let \(u_{n,j}:\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\longrightarrow \mathbb R\) be a function and let \(\xi_n,\epsilon_n>0\) be such that {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] For all \(j=1,\dots,k_n\), \[ \sup_{\overset{x,y\in M}{x\neq y}} \frac{|u_{n,j}(x)-u_{n,j}(y)|}{\mathrm{dist}^\rho(x,y)}\leq \xi_n\;. \] \item[(ii)] \(dd^c u_{n,j}+\epsilon \omega_{FS}\geq 0\), for all \(j=1,\dots,k_n\), \item[(iii)] \(\xi_n\leq 1/c^{n^k}\), \(\epsilon_n \leq 1/c^{n^k}\), \end{itemize}} Consider the probability measures \(\sigma_n=(dd^c u_{n,1}+\omega_{FS})\wedge\cdots\wedge (dd^c u_{n,k_n}+\omega_{FS})\) on \(\mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\) and let \(\sigma=\prod_{n\geq 1} \sigma_n\) be the corresponding probability measure on \(\mathbb P^X\). Then for \(\sigma\)-almost all \(s=(s_n)\in\mathbb P^X\), \[ \frac 1n [Z_{s_n}] \longrightarrow \omega\quad \text{weakly in the sense of measures}. \] The second result quantifies the speed of this convergence (Theorem 1.2): there exist \(E_n\subset \mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\) and \(C=C(X,L)>0\) such that for \(n\) large \[ \sigma_n(E_n)\leq \frac C{n^2}\quad\text{and}\quad \left|\Big\langle\frac 1n [Z_{s_n}]-\omega , \psi\Big\rangle \right|\leq\frac{C\log n}n \|\psi\|_{\mathcal C^2} \] for any \(s_n\in \mathbb P H^0(X,L^n)\setminus E_n\) and any \((k-1,k-1)\)-form \(\psi\) of class \(\mathcal C^2\).