A sharp boundedness result concerning some maximal operators of Vilenkin-Fejér means (Q305835)

Let us consider the group \(G_m\) consisting of the direct product of the additive groups \(\mathbb{Z}_{m_n}\), where \(m:=(m_0,m_1,\cdots)\) is a sequence of positive integers not less than 2 and such that \(\sup_n m_n<\infty\). We define the so-called generalized number system based on \(m\) in the following way: \[ M_0:=1, \;M_{n+1}:=m_n M_n, \;n\in \mathbb{N}. \] Then every \(n \in \mathbb{N} \) can be uniquely expressed as \(n=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} n_k M_k,\) where \(n_k \in \mathbb{Z_{m_k}}\) and only a finite number of \(n_k\)'s are different from zero. Let \[ <n>:=\min \{j \in \mathbb{N}: n_j \neq 0\} \;\text{and} |n|:=\max \{j \in \mathbb{N}: n_j \neq 0\}, \] that is \(M_{|n|}\leq n\leq M_{|n|+1}\). Set \(\rho(n)=|n|-<n>\) , for all \(n\in \mathbb{N}\). An orthonormal and complete system in \(L^2(G_m)\) is considered, which is called the Vilenkin system \(\Psi: (\Psi_n; \;n\in \mathbb{N})\), defined as \[ \Psi_n(x):=\displaystyle{\Pi_{k=0}^{\infty}} r_k^{n_k}(x), \;n\in \mathbb{N}, \] where \(r_k: G_m\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}\) are the Rademacher functions defined by \[ r_k(x):=\exp(2\pi i x_k/m_k), \;x\in G_m, \;k\in \mathbb{N}. \] The main result of the paper concerns the boundedness in a martingale Hardy space of the Féjer means of a function \(f\), \(\sigma_n f:=\frac{1}{n} \displaystyle{\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} S_k f}\), where \(S_n f\) denotes the \(n\)-partial sum of the Fourier series with respect the Vilenkin system. It reads as follows: Let \(0<p\leq 1/2\) and \(\{ n_k:k\geq 0\}\) be a sequence of positive numbers, such that \[ \sup_k \rho(n_k)\leq C <\infty. \] Then, the maximal operator associated to the Féjer means, \[ \tilde{\sigma}^{*,\nabla} f=\sup_{k\in \mathbb{N}} |\sigma_ {n_k} f|, \] is bounded from the Hardy martingale space \(H^p(G_m)\) into the space \(L^p(G_m)\). The statement above is sharp in the following sense: Let \(0<p<1/2\) and \(\{ n_k: k\geq 0 \}\) be a sequence of positive numbers, such that \(\sup_k \rho(n_k) =\infty\), then there exists a martingale \(f \in H^p\) such that \[ \sup_{k\in \mathbb{N}} \|\sigma_{n_k} f\|_p =\infty. \] This result generalizes a theorem of \textit{F. Weisz} [Anal. Math. 22, No. 3, 229--242 (1996; Zbl 0866.42020)], which shows that the maximal operator associated to the Féjer means based on \(m\) is bounded from the Hardy space \(H^p\) into \(L^p\), in the sense that it finds the maximal subspace of positive numbers for which the restricted maximal operator of Féjer means in this subspace is bounded from the Hardy space \(H^p\) into the space \(L^p\) for all \(0<p\leq 1/2\).