A generalized mean value property for polyharmonic functions (Q312188)

Let \(u\) be a polyharmonic function of order \(m\geq 1\), that is \(\Delta^m u=0\) in a ball \(B(R)\subset {\mathbb R}^n\) (\(n\geq 2\)) of radius \(R>0\). For a point \(x\) inside the ball \(B(R)\) and for a unit vector \(\mu\in{\mathbb R}^n\), the line through \(x\) in direction \(\mu\) intersects the sphere \(\partial B(R)\) at two points, say \(y_0=x+s_0\mu\), \(y_1=x+s_1\mu\). Let \(p_\mu(s)\) be the unique polynomial of degree \(2m-1\) satisfying \[ \frac{d^k p_\mu}{ds^k}(s_j)=D_\mu^ku(y_j),\quad j=0,1 \text{ and }0\leq k\leq m-1. \] The main result of the paper establishes the integral formula \[ u(x)=\frac{2}{\omega_n}\int_{{\mathbb H}^{n-1}} p_\mu(0)d\sigma, \] where \(d\sigma\) denotes the \((n-1)\) dimensional area, \({\mathbb H}^{n-1}\) is any of the hemispheres of \(\partial B(1)\) and \(\omega_n\) denotes the surface area of \(\partial B(1)\).