Solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation with accumulating breaking times (Q313061)

This paper investigates wave breaking solutions of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation: \[ u_{t}-u_{txx}+3uu_{x}-2u_{x}u_{xx}-uu_{xxx}=0 \] The CH equation is known to possess classical solutions that exist only locally due to the phenomenon of wave breaking which means that the spatial derivative \(u_{x}(t,\cdot )\) becomes unbounded within finite time while \[ \left\| u(t,\cdot )\right\| _{H^{1}} \] remains bounded. One of possible ways of prolonging the solution beyond the breaking point is to assume that the total energy of the solution \[ \left\| u(t,\cdot )\right\| _{L^{2}}^{2}+\mu (t,\mathbb{R}) \] (where \(\mu \) is a positive Radon measure whose absolutely continuous part \(\mu _{ac}\) is given by \(\mu _{ac}=u_{x}^{2}\, dx\)) is constant in time and survives the moment of wave breaking. Investigation of such conservative solutions is the scope of this paper. The main result of the paper is Theorem 1.1 on p. 92 stating that for any \(q\in \left( 0,1\right) \) there exists (explicitely constructed) an initial profile (initial data), parametrized by \(q\), that has a form of constinuous, piecewise linear function with compact support and belonging to \(H^{1}(\mathbb{R})\), such that the corresponding conservative solution of the CH equation has in \(t=0\) an accumulation point of breaking times. This theorem is proved in Section 3, after the author in Section 2 presents the map between Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates of solutions of the CH equation. The proof does not require finding solutions and is based on Theorem 2.5, Lemma 2.6 and Lemma 2.7 that are versions of theorems/lemmas that have already been published before, and contain various estimations of breaking times in Eulerian or Lagrangian coordinates. In Section 4 the author shows that also cuspons with exponential decay (see [\textit{J. Lenells}, J. Differ. Equations 217, No. 2, 393--430 (2005; Zbl 1082.35127)] and [\textit{J. Lenells}, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 365, No. 1858, 2291--2298 (2007; Zbl 1152.35464)]), defined in Definition 4.1 on page 100, provide initial profiles that yield solutions with accumulating breaking times. In fact, in this case wave breaking occurs for any point \((t,x)\) such that \(x=(s+\kappa )t\) where \(s\) and \(\kappa\) are some constants, i.e. at any time. An interesting issue, not investigated in this paper, is to check whether some version of Theorem 1.1 is still valid when \(q\rightarrow 1\), i.e. when the support of the initial profile is no longer compact.