Geometry and stability of tautological bundles on Hilbert schemes of points (Q313942)

The author studies vector bundles on Hilbert schemes of points on a surface \(S\) coming from line bundles (and more generally vector bundles) on the base \(S\). For a rank \(r\) vector bundle \(E\) on \(S\), the so-called associated \textit{tautological bundle} \(E^{[n]}\) is defined as the rank \(rn\) vector bundle whose fiber at the point \([Z]\in S^{[n]}\) is \(H^0(S,E\otimes\mathcal O_Z)\). Tautological bundles have been studied by numerous authors; to name a couple, \textit{M. Lehn} [Invent. Math. 136, No. 1, 157--207 (1999; Zbl 0919.14001)] computed their cohomology, and \textit{G. Ellingsrud} and \textit{S. A. Strømme} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 441, 33--44 (1993; Zbl 0814.14003)] showed that the Chern classes of \(\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^2}^{[n]},\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^2}(1)^{[n]},\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^2}(2)^{[n]}\) generate the cohomology of \((\mathbb P^2)^{[n]}\). In the present work, the author proves that for a smooth projective surface \(S\) and any vector bundle \(E\ncong \mathcal O_S\) on \(S\) that is slope-stable with respect to an ample divisor, \(E^{[n]}\) is slope-stable with respect to the corresponding (nef and big) Chow divisor, completely generalizing preliminary results of \textit{U. Schlickewei} [Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 124, 127--138 (2010; Zbl 1208.14036)] and \textit{M. Wandel} [Osaka J. Math. 53, No. 4, 889--910 (2016; Zbl 1360.14037); Nagoya Math. J. 214, 79--94 (2014; Zbl 1319.14049)] for Hilbert schemes of 2 or 3 points on a \(K3\) or abelian surface. Another interesting result of the author is about the tautological bundle associated to the tangent bundle \(T_S\): \(T_S^{[n]}\) admits an injection into \(T_{S^{[n]}}\), identifying it with \(\mathrm{Der}_{\mathbb C}(-\log B_n)\), the sheaf of vector fields on \(S^{[n]}\) that are tangent to the divisor \(B_n\) of nonreduced subschemes. Finally, using the spectral curves of \textit{A. Beauville} et al. [J. Reine Angew. Math. 398, 169--179 (1989; Zbl 0666.14015)], the author proves the following interesting result: for any rank \(n\) semistable vector bundle \(E\) of sufficiently large degree on a smooth projective curve \(C\), there exists an embedding \(C\to(\mathbb P^2)^{[n]}\) such that \(E\cong\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^2}(1)^{[n]}|_C\). In other words, tautological bundles on surfaces capture most of the geometry of semistable sheaves on surfaces.