On the auto Igusa-zeta function of an algebraic curve (Q321294)

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On the auto Igusa-zeta function of an algebraic curve
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    On the auto Igusa-zeta function of an algebraic curve (English)
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    13 October 2016
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    Let \(\mathbb Sch_k\) be the category of separated schemes of finite type over a field \(k\), and \(\mathbb Fat_k\) be its full subcategory of schemes connected and finite over \(k\), that is, of fat points over \(k\). As usual, \(\mathbb L=[\mathbb A^1_k]\) is the Lefschetz motif in a Grothendieck ring. Generalizing of the classical Grothendieck ring \(\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Var)_k\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\), \textit{H. Schoutens} proposed the theory of schemic Grothendieck rings [Schematic Grothendieck rings. Volume I and II. \url{websup-port1.citytechcuny.edu/faculty/hschoutens/PDF/SchemicGrothendieckRingPartI.pdf}]. A sieve \(\mathcal X:\mathbb Sch_k\to\mathbb Sets\) is called subschemic if there exists morphism of schemes \(\varphi:X\to Y\), such that \(\mathcal X=Im\phi^o\), where \(\phi^o\) is the induced morphism of sieves. \(\mathcal X\) is called formal sieve, if for any \(m\in\mathbb Fat_k\) there is a subschemic sieve \(\mathcal Y_m\subset\mathcal X\), so that \(\mathcal Y_m(m)=\mathcal X(m)\). All formal sieves form a subcategory \(\mathbb Form_k\), and as shown in Schoutens [loc. cit.], it is a Grothendieck pre-topology. Moreover, the Grothendieck ring of the formal site \(\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Form)_k\) could be defined, and for any \(m\in\mathbb Fat_k\) there is a surjective homomorphism \(\sigma_m:\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Form)_k\to\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Var)_k\). For any fat point, let \(S_m:=\{s\mathbb L^i:\sigma_m(s)=1,i\mathbb N\}\), it is stable under multiplication, and take the localization of \(\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Form)_k\) by it. As \(\sigma_m\) induces \(\sigma'_m:S_m^{-1}\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Form)_k\to\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Var)_k[\mathbb L^{-1}]\), and there exists a filtration of \(S_m^{-1}\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Form)_k\) by subgroups \(\mathcal F_i:=\{T:\dim(\sigma'_m(T))<i\}\), we can define \(S^{-1}_m\widehat{\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb F}orm)_k\) to be the completion with respect to it. As shown by Schoutens ([loc. cit.]), the truncated arc space could be generalized when \(\mathrm{Spec }k[t]/(t^n)\) is replaced by a fat point \(m\), defining the generalized arc space of a sieve \(\mathcal X\) along m to be the functor \(\nabla_m\mathcal X(-)=\mathcal X(-\times_km):\mathbb Fat_k\to\mathbb Sets\). If \(X\in\mathbb Sch_k\) and \(n\in\mathbb N\), let the \(n\)-jet of \(X\) at \(p\in X\) be \(J_p^nX:=\mathrm{Spec}(\mathcal O_{X,p}/m^n_p)\in\mathbb Sch_{k(p)}\), where \(p\) has residue field \(k(p)\), and let the auto-arc space of \(X\) at \(p\) of order \(n\) be \(\mathcal A_n(X,p):=\nabla_{\mathcal J_p^n(X)}\mathcal J_p^n(X)\). As proved then, if \(X\) is smooth at \(p\), there is a canon- ical isomorphism between \(\mathcal A_n(X,p)\) and the auto-arc space of \(\mathcal A_n(\mathbb A^d_{k(p)},q)\) at some \(k(p)\)-rational point \(q\), for \(d=\dim_pX\). About the converse, the author proposes the following conjecture about how much the auto-arc spaces could measure the smoothness of \(X\) at a point. It claims that if \(X\in\mathbb Var_k\), \(p\in X\), and if for all \(n\gg 0\) it holds that \(\mathcal A_n(X, p)^{\mathrm{red}}\simeq\mathbb A^r_{k(p)}\) for some \(r\in\mathbb N\), then \(X\) is smooth at \(p\). Next is introduced the auto Igusa-Zeta series associated to \(X\) at \(p\), \(\zeta_{X,p}^{\mathrm{auto}}(t):=\sum_{n=0}^\infty[\mathcal A_{n+1}(X,p)]\mathbb L^{d.l(J_p^{n+1}X)}t^n\) as the generating series for the sequence of \(\mathcal A_n(X,p)\), where for \(m\in\mathbb Fat_k\), \(l(m):=\dim\mathcal O_m(m)\), and its reduced version \( \bar{\zeta}_{X,p}(t)\in\mathrm{Gr}(\mathbb Var)_k[\mathbb L^{-1}]\). From the the isomorphism above, supposed that \(X\) is smooth at \(p\) and \(d=\dim_pX\), one has \(\bar{\zeta}_{X,p}(t)=\mathbb L^{-d}\frac{1}{1-t}= \bar{\zeta}_{\mathbb A^d_k,p}(t)\). Thus, for \(f:X\to Y\) étale at \(p\), one has \(\bar{\zeta}_{X,p}(t) = \bar{\zeta}_{Y,f (p)}(t)\), and, as before a conjecture is proposed about the converse, that is, if \(\bar{\zeta}_{X,p}=\bar{\zeta}_{Y,q}\) at some point \(q\), then \((X,p)\) is analytically isomorphic to \((Y,q)\). Then this conjecture is investigated, and the spaces \(\mathcal A_n(C,p)^{\mathrm{red}}\) are calculated in the case of cuspidal cubic or node \(C\). Another conjecture is proposed giving a formula for \(\mathcal A_n(C,p)^{\mathrm{red}}\) in the case of a reduced curve \(C\) with one singularity. The calculations are using the Sages script, proposed by the author [Sage mathematics software. Sage development team. \url{http://www.sagemath.org}] for computing the arc space \(\nabla_mX\) for any affine scheme \(X\) and fat point \(m\), in \(\mathrm{char }k=0\). The script is provided in the last section of the article. After showing, for \(X\in\mathbb Sch_k\) and any \(n\in N\), that there are natural morphisms \(\mathcal A_n(X, p)^{\mathrm{red}}\to\mathcal A_{n-1}(X,p)^{\mathrm{red}}\), and giving characterizations when \(Y_n\) is smooth over \(J_p^nX\), in the final sections are discussed two ways to introduce the motivic volume of an infinite auto-arc space. For a closed \(Y\subset X\) defined by ideal \(I_Y\), let \(Y_n\subset X\) be defined by \(I_Y^n\), \(n\in\mathbb N\), and put \(Y_0:=(Y_n)^{\mathrm{red}}\). Assuming that \(Y_n\in\mathbb Sch_{k(p)}\) is affine of pure dimension \(d\), and there is a smooth morphism \(Y_n\to J_p^nX\) for some \(p\), the infinite auto-arc space of \(Y_n\) along \((X,p)\) is defined as \(\mathcal A=\mathcal A_{X,p}(Y_0):=\varprojlim(\nabla_{J(n)}Y_n)^{\mathrm{red}}\). On this space is defined a natural motivic volume at level \(n\), \(\nu_{X,p}^{\mathrm{auto}}(\mathcal A,n):=[\nabla_{J(n)}Y_n^{\mathrm{red}}]\mathbb L^{-d_n}\), and the motivic integral along the length function, \(\int_{\mathcal A}\mathbb L^{-l}d\nu^{\mathrm{auto}}\). Then is proved that for \(Y_n\) as above the integral equals \([Y_0]\mathbb L^{-\dim(Y_0)}\bar{\zeta}_{X,p}(\mathbb L^{-1})\). In a second approach resembling more the classical motivic integration are defined the adjusted motivic volume of \(\mathcal A\), and just as before, the corresponding motivic integral of the length function. Then the auto Poincaré series is introduced, with its rationality discussed using some results from [\textit{J. Denef} and \textit{F. Loeser}, Invent. Math. 135, No. 1, 201--232 (1999; Zbl 0928.14004)]. In the last section is provided the author's Sage code [loc. cit.], which computes the arc space of an affine scheme with respect to a fat point, in the case when \(\mathrm{char }k=0\).
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    sieve
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    fat point
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    Grothendieck pre-topology
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    auto-arc space
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    auto Igusa-zeta function
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    motivic integral
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