Non-equilibrium temperatures and heat transport in nanosystems with defects, described by a tensorial internal variable (Q325595)

The paper considers a nano-system with defects under the influence of external energy flux. The concept of non-equilibrium temperatures in nano-systems is explained wherein defects described by some internal variables have implications on overall heat transfer processes in the system. The paper introduces equilibrium versus non-equilibrium temperatures. In the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics with intervals, a model is presented for defective nano-systems, e.g., crystals with dislocations or porous channels, carbon nanotubes in a solid matrix, and so on. Caloric and entropic non-equilibrium temperatures are explained for linear cases. The constitutive relations, the rate equations for the internal variables and heat flux are derived. Also, a generalized telegraphic heat equation with finite thermal disturbances for anisotropic and isotropic cases is derived.