How to distinguish a mixture of two d-wave states from a pure \(d\)-wave state of high-temperature superconductors (Q328624)

Recently, the mixtures of different \(d\)-wave states of high-temperature superconductors are realized in experiments and in theory. It is known that the spectrum in the pure \(d\)-wave state \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) is identical with that in the pure \(d\)-wave state \(d_{xy}\). But the authors show that the spectrum in the mixture \((1-\gamma)\), \(d_{x^2-y^2}+i\) \(\gamma d_{xy}\) of the two \(d\)-wave states \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) and \(d_{xy}\) is quite different from that in each of the two \(d\)-wave states above. Here, \(0 \leq \gamma \leq 1\) and \(i=\sqrt{-1}\). To do this, they derive a full set of equations for the spectrum in the mixture \((1-\gamma) \, d_{x^2-y^2}+i \, \gamma \, d_{xy}\). They then conclude that the difference of the spectra mentioned above gives an opportunity to probe the state symmetry by ultrasound and/or microwave absorption experiments.